Click
Here to View/Download

Pre-marital screening for a healthy generation
In the name of of Allah the Merciful
Introduction

healthy community building and all the religions and laws of heaven took care of the
safety of the family and our legitimacy glue separated and explained everything in
regard to marriage and breastfeeding, self-care and safety and raising the growth of the
right breed.
And the Ministry of Health to keep abreast of the progress in the provision of health
care to protect citizens from the genetic problems that move from parents to children
made sure to provide medical examination services before the husband free of charge for
those interested in both sexes, especially among relatives and carriers of genetic
diseases to have a new generation free Of genetic diseases.
For every bride who comes to get married, he must take an appointment from the nearest
health centre.

First: hereditary blood diseases
(A) sickle cell anaemia
It is a disease caused by a defect in the hemoglobin of red blood cells (blood pigment or haemoglobin), and this haemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen to all parts of the body. This imbalance leads to a change in the shape of the red blood cells, causing the blockage of the blood vessels with sporadic pain in the body. It also results in broken
red blood cells, a drop in haemoglobin and anaemia.
This hereditary disease is transmitted by two carriers of the disease to some of their children. The person with the disease is a healthy person but has a healthy genetic factor and the last patient with the disease. If a person who is pregnant with the
disease or a person who is sick with this disease occurs, the child will be infected if
the genetic factor inherits from each of his parents.
Symptoms:
Symptoms vary from one patient to another, for example, sporadic pain especially in the
joints, high temperature, paleness, lack of appetite, yellowing, etc.
Factors that cause Nausea to be avoided:
Lack of oxygen in the air, stress, lack of fluids, as in hot summer where sweat
increases without compensation for lost fluids, cold, pregnancy and high temperature.

(B) Thalassemia:
The patient has severe anaemia since he can not form a blood dye that carries oxygen to various parts of the body enough. Therefore, the patient needs blood transfusions
periodically every month to bring us closer to compensate for this deficiency.
The child gets the disease if he or she gets the genetic agent from each of his parents.
Both parents have a hereditary factor but have no symptoms.
Thalassemia patients suffer from severe weakness since childhood and lupus, loss of
appetite, swelling of the spleen, flaking of the bones of the face and accumulation of
iron in various organs of the body, and may lead to death at an early age if the child
did not receive adequate care and continuous blood transfusion and contrast.
– Both parents carry the genetic factor of the disease.
– Some children are 25% sick.
– Some of them carry the disease 50%.
– Some are healthy 25%.
(C) Yeast deficiency disease:
Is the lack of a certain type of enzymes (yeast) necessary for the representation within the red blood cells and this disease leads to the incidence of acute anaemia (acute anaemia) if the infected person and eating certain types of legumes are the rest and certain types of medicines, If it is not exposed to it, it will be completely intact.

Symptoms:
Colourlessness, loss of appetite, tiredness, fatigue, dizziness, yellowing, diarrhoea and vomiting. This disease affects children more than adults, and advice is to stay away from stimulants such as drugs, beans, naphthalene and others.

Second: Other genetic diseases:
Genetic diseases are many, and each organ of the body has multiple genetic diseases.
There are genetic diseases affecting the nervous system, muscular system, blood, immune
system, bones, ear, eye and others.
A person may have health and wellness but at the same time be pregnant with a number of genetic factors for diseases he does not know about. These diseases often occur only if
two genetic factors are encountered in the child.
Most of these genetic diseases are rare and are not repeated in the family, but some may
be repeated. In some families there are many people with genetic or mental retardation,
genetic deaf and others. The marriage of relatives may be of social benefit. It may also
focus on certain desirable traits such as intelligence, beauty, etc.
However, if there are genetic diseases in the family as children with chronic disease,
starting with them since childhood and no treatment has been repeated in more than one child, there is no doubt that the disease is hereditary, it is better to visit the genetic doctor.

Third: the concept and methods of family planning
The concept of family planning:
It is considered the first free family in every society, and if this cell is not
correct, the structure is free of physical and psychological diseases, the society in
its entirety is intact and productive.
The organization of the family or what some call family health is planning for the physical and psychological components of the family and is intended to regulate the increase in order to avoid the irregular reproduction that creates conditions that do not allow the child to have the right to health, education and cultural care. It means having children at the time determined by parents and With a number commensurate with their health and economic status. One of the objectives of Family Planning is to support the family in improving maternal and child health, as well as to provide guidance and advice to couples wishing to obtain services in the field of family planning.

We must never forget that treating infertility is one of the basic family planning goals.

The birth spacing of at least 2 to 3 years protects the mother and child from many problems.
The frequency of pregnancy has many disadvantages, such as low birth weight or preterm
birth, malnutrition in mother and child, As well as the psychological, social and
economic pressures on the entire family for the arrival of a child at an inappropriate
time.
Early pregnancy before 18 years of age is known to alter the growth of young girls,
impede their physical and psychological development, and delayed pregnancies in older children (after 40 years) may end up with problems if there is no medical care, such as the possibility of having mentally retarded children.

Methods of family planning

• A ways do not need medical consultation
1 – Insulation (25% failure rate).
2 – condom (failure 3%) ratio.
3 – Safety period / method of counting (failure rate 25%).
4 – Spermicide (failure rate 20 – 30%).
5 – Vaginal analysis of foam.
• ( b ) Methods of need medical consultation
1 – compound pill (failure rate (0.5%).
2 – single – hormone pill (failure rate 2 – 3%).
3 – Injection of contraceptives and hormones under the skin.
4 – IUD (failure rate 2 – 3%).
5 – vaginal barrier (failure rate 3%).
6 – Methods of permanent sterilization of men and women.
(Note: Failure rate means the probability of failure of the method and the occurrence of
pregnancy per 100 women).
Fourth: The effect of smoking, alcohol, infectious diseases, reproductive diseases,
radiation and drugs on the fetus.
1 – Smoking
Pregnant mothers should refrain from smoking altogether as smokers are more likely to
have a miscarriage and lower birth weights because of the high level of carbon monoxide in
their blood.
2 – Alcohol
It is known that the use of alcohol during pregnancy leads to abortion or delayed
development and development of the fetus, so it is better for the pregnant mother to
refrain from it.
3 – Toxoplasma
This disease is caused by single-cell parasites that live in the intestines of cats and
animals. These parasites are transmitted to humans by eating uncooked meat or by
touching cat faeces. Infection is transmitted to the fetus if the mother is infected
during pregnancy.
Symptoms at birth
– fever
– Skin rash
– Enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes.
– Jaundice.
– Eye abnormalities.
– Atrophy or swelling of head size.
Prevention of disease:
– Refrain from touching faeces of animals.
– Wash hands thoroughly after touching raw meat.
– Cook meat well.
4 – German measles
A woman with German measles infection in the first 14 weeks of pregnancy often results in either miscarriage or posterior deformities. The location of the deformity depends on the time of injury and the timing of organ formation. Therefore, the lens of the eye is affected between the fourth and twelfth weeks, as is the case with the ear, while the heart is deformed between the fifth and seventh weeks of its formation. In general, 40%
of the cases in the first 12 weeks end with miscarriages or miscarriages, and the rate
rises to 50% in the first six weeks and decreases to 30% between the sixth and twelfth
weeks.
The abnormalities are the small head, heart, eye, auditory and kidney abnormalities.
Therefore, it is very important to know if a woman is immunized against measles before marriage and pregnancy, if not vaccinated. If she has immunity, she is not afraid of deformity or abortion. It is important for women who receive the vaccination to use a
contraceptive method for at least three months after taking the needle so that the vaccination virus does not pass to the fetus and becomes deformed.

5- Syphilis
An infectious disease transmitted by blood and sex. It is in three stages:

1 – the first stage: the emergence of ulcers in the external reproductive system.
2 – The second stage: the emergence of general symptoms such as skin rash and swelling
of the lymph nodes.
3 – stage III: is the injury of the heart valve or the central nervous system.

If the pregnant mother is diagnosed early before the 15th week and then the treatment,
which is three weekly doses of penicillin, is taken by a needle, there is no possibility of the disease affecting the fetus. If the diagnosis is made after the 15th week of pregnancy, The embryo is present even if treatment is taken. Diagnosis is performed by
blood analysis.
Effect on the fetus
Nasal deformities, hepatic hyperplasia, ulcers in the mucous membranes of the mouth,
anus, and reproductive organs.

6. Hepatitis B and AIDS
If the mother has been infected with viral hepatitis B or HIV during pregnancy, the risk
of transmission of both types of virus to the fetus has increased during pregnancy,
during childbirth or shortly after birth.
To prevent the child from hepatitis, there is a vaccination given in three doses, the first at birth and the second in two months and the third in six months. In the case of
HIV, he has not yet been immunized.
7. Radiology and Radiation:
Experiments have shown that exposure to radiation in animals leads either to fetal
death, developmental delay or congenital malformations, depending on the timing and
quantity of exposure.
If exposure in the first two weeks led to fetal death, abnormalities would occur when
the fetus was exposed to radiation between the second and thirteenth weeks. Therefore,
it is better for the pregnant mother not to be exposed to radiation during pregnancy and
it is preferable to make sure that the diagnosis of pregnancy before the exposure to
radiation for each woman is married.
8. Drugs:
It is recommended to stay away from all medicines during pregnancy, especially during
the first three months, only after consulting the doctor as it may cause abnormalities
in the fetus.

Fifth: Nutrition before pregnancy and childbearing

1 – Women

(A) Nutrition and fertility:
If adolescent girls are malnourished, some may have delayed menstruation and ovulation.
The weight of the ideal length is very important for reproduction as the menstrual cycle
may be interrupted by women who are obese or thinner too much, so every woman should pay
attention to nutrition, taking into account the quality and quantity and contain the
meal on the important elements of the body in order to maintain the ideal weight of
their length.

Ideal weight for women

(B) Nutrition and fetal development in the first weeks of pregnancy

The first weeks of fetal life, from the beginning of pregnancy and before the diagnosis is a very important period in which the cells multiply rapidly and the fetus is more susceptible to problems, is known to be difficult to diagnose pregnancy before 5-6 weeks, Planning for pregnancy at least 3 to 4 months.
Studies have shown that acute malnutrition in the pregnant mother helps to increase the likelihood of the new baby with problems of weight loss, birth defects and death.
Minor malnutrition problems are common in Bahrain and may be due to insufficient knowledge of proper nutrition, poverty, or a severe diet to relieve excess weight.

2- The man

There are no sufficient studies to show the relationship between men’s nutrition and reproduction, but it is known that males with severe malnutrition or obesity are at risk of late puberty or impaired male hormone levels. The lack of zinc in the body leads to a decrease in the number of sperm and alcohol is known to lead to a decrease in the rate of zinc.
The ideal weight for height is also important for men. It should be noted here that alcohol consumption should be minimized and ideally stopped at least 2 to 3 months before planning for reproduction.

Ideal weight for men