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The Thalassemia Fact Sheet contains a brief explanation of the genetic disease of
Thalassemia:

It Is a hereditary disease that affects the blood and spreads in many parts of the world,
especially the Middle East and Asia.
There are two types:
1. The patient with thalassemia:
It is a serious disease whose symptoms start at an early childhood stage and the injured
children can not form the blood dye that carries oxygen to the different parts of the body
enough, so they need regular blood transfusions every month to compensate for this
deficiency.
2 – Pregnant genetic factor:
This person is perfectly healthy but can transmit the disease to a child. Each year 100,000
babies (100,000) are born with the disease.
What are the components of blood?
Blood is composed of many red blood cells along with a yellow liquid called plasma. It also contains white blood cells that resist disease and platelets to help stop bleeding. And every red bloodthirsty lives about 4 months and then dies and breaks. The body can form new
cells every day, so a person can donate his blood without affecting his health because his
body will compensate for what was taken from the blood quickly.
The colour of the blood is red because it contains a dye called haemoglobin. This dye is very
important for carrying oxygen to different parts of the body.
Haemoglobin contains a lot of iron. When the red blood cells die and break down, the iron in
them is used to make new red blood cells and lose some iron in the urine, but we quickly
compensate as the body re-enters with the food we eat.
Our food may be iron-free, so people get anaemia due to iron deficiency.
Thalassemia is a type of malignant anaemia which is produced by the fact that the body is unable to form a sufficient haemoglobin dye. This disease is hereditary and there are two
types of it:
A. Thalassemia (Phthalasmia).
2-thalassemia (beta-thalassemia).
Who is the carrier of the genetic factor of the disease?
He is a healthy person but may have very mild anaemia. Most people with the hereditary disease know this only if they have a special blood test or have a child with the disease. The red
blood cells in this person are normal but maybe slightly smaller.
How important is it to know that I am pregnant with the genetic agent of the disease if you
are healthy?

This is very important as some of these people have children with this serious disease if
they marry another pregnant woman with the same genetic characteristics.
Are pregnant women susceptible to these genetic factors?
No … No medical care required.
Will the genetic factor of the disease be susceptible to other diseases?
Both.
Does this affect the ability to work or the quality of work?
Both.
Is the genetic factor of the disease weak physically or mentally?
Both.
Is there a cure for this?
No … If you are born with it, nothing can change that.
Does the pregnant woman become a hereditary patient?
Both.
Why do people with hereditary factors increase in some countries?
People with Thalassemia have more resistance to malaria, and this disease has been widespread in our region and has killed many healthy people who do not have this factor because the malaria parasite proliferates in the blood of healthy people only, and those who carry the disease have been able to resist and wrote to them to survive and multiply.

What are the symptoms of the disease?
(Symptoms that appear on the affected child)
Thalassemia is a serious disease that has caused severe impairment since childhood. As we
have said, the infected children can not have enough blood dye so the bone marrow within the
large, long bones can not have enough red blood cells and the free or haemoglobin cells are
small.
Children who are naturally infected after childbirth may be symptomatic after the third month. They may develop lupus, loss of appetite, vomiting, difficulty sleeping, and if not
treated, the disease may be eliminated between the first and eighth years.
Is there a cure for thalassemia?
The only treatment is regular blood transfusions (almost every month). Children treated in this way may grow naturally and reach the third decade but need continuous medical attention.

Each time new blood is given, a quantity of iron accumulates in their bodies. This iron
accumulates in kidneys, liver and other parts of the body and harms their health, so they
need another treatment, which is to get rid of the amount of iron accumulated from their
bodies.
First Family:
– Parents Solomon.
– All children are healthy.
– There is no carrier of the genetic factor of the disease.
Second Family:
– One of the parents is pregnant with the genetic agent of the disease.
– Some children carry the genetic factor of the disease but no children are sick.
Third Family:
– Both parents carry the genetic factor of the disease.
– Some children are 25% sick.
– Some of them carry the disease 50%.
– Some are healthy 25%.
Fourth Family :
– The father is sick and the mother is sound.
– All children are carriers of the disease but do not show symptoms of the disease and this
marriage is the most appropriate for the patient.
Fifth Family:
Here the wife is infected with the disease and the husband is pregnant to the genetic factor
of the disease, that the wife has two of the genes infected and the husband has a healthy
gene and the last infected Vada provided a child there are two possibilities.
1 – that the child takes the gene infected from each of the parents will be infected with
the disease, such as the mother.
2. or that it takes a healthy gene from the father injured and the gene from the mother
(because the mother can not afford to give in this case only the infected gene) shall be a
carrier of the disease , that is, for each child there is a 50% probability that a pregnant
worker genetic disease , and 50% to be Infected with the disease but can not be healthy 100
percent.

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http://bnhas.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/facts_about_thalassemia.pdf