Another link to the booklet from here
Dr. Sheikha Salem Al – Arayed
Department of genetic diseases at Salmaniya Medical Center
In cooperation with
Department of Health Education, Ministry of Health
Introduction
This booklet is a simplified information about the disease spread among our citizens
and science has not been able to find a cure so far, a genetic disease prevention in
the hands of our young men and women …. They must check their blood before
marriage so as not to be surprised to bring children suffering from disease throughout their lives … It is their responsibility towards their children … Let
us know that the sick child is a mixture of father and mother, which is the genetic
characteristics of the two Sisters, says Almighty (we created man from the sperm of
Amashaj) Al-Manas verse (3).
True Islam has set the general framework for the preservation of the lives of our
children … but negligence and neglect in this is a great sin, says Almighty: (Let
those who fear if left behind the descendants of the weak feared for them) Surat
Nisa (9).
And Ezz says: (Do not receive your hands on the destruction) Surat al-Baqarah verse
(195). It was narrated in the hadeeth of the hadeeth: “It is sufficient for a person
to commit a sin to lose a believer.”
Thus, Islam meant to preserve the life of hope, because in this respect the material
and moral strength of Muslims … The future for our future generations … Let us
make their bodies run in the blood veins of wellness and full of youthfulness and
activity … Let us know that the right body has a great impact not only on the
safety of thinking but In the interaction of man with life and people … And
wellness is the best blessed by God to the human being can not do the obedience of
his Lord except existence. It was narrated in the hadeeth: “What the Messenger of
Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) asked him to do is something that
he loves from his health.”
The Ministry of Health is putting all its resources to provide the medical
examination service for our next youth to marry in the belief that the future of the
nation is measured by the extent to which our generations enjoy health and wellness.
Q: What is sickle cell anemia?
A: It is a disease caused by a defect in haemoglobin red blood cells and this
haemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen to all parts of the body and this
imbalance in the form of red blood cells, causing blockage of blood vessels and
sporadic pain in the body and result in the break in the pellets Red blood and a
the decrease in the proportion of haemoglobin and the disease becomes a type of anaemia.
Haemoglobin: is the red dye in the blood and is responsible
For carrying oxygen to different parts of the body
Q: Is the disease genetic?
A: Yes, this disease is hereditary … It is known that haemoglobin is determined by
two genes (one gene) from the mother and the other from the father. The proper
genetic factor produces natural haemoglobin called A and the hereditary factor
produces haemoglobin. Sickle cell disease is known as the If a person inherits the
gene responsible for haemoglobin A of the mother and gene responsible for haemoglobin
of the father, he or she has normal haemoglobin. If the worker inherits the parent from the parent, the blood is (A, ), Which is the holder of the genetic factor for
sickle cell anaemia. If the genetic factor responsible for haemoglobin (Q) is
inherited from M and father is the type of haemoglobin (SS) and this person is
considered a person with anaemia, so we must know the type of pigment we carry,
especially if we are coming to marriage.
Gene: A genetic factor that determines a person’s genetic trait and is a small part
of the genetic material.
Q / What do we mean by the person with the genetic factor?
(C) The person carrying the genetic agent of the disease is the one who inherits
factor A from one parent and the other from the other. The hemoglobin has the status
of A, and this person does not have the disease but sometimes under certain
circumstances some Symptoms of the disease and this person can transmit the disease
factor to the children and hence we know that the holder of the genetic factor of
the disease is not sick in the sense of conventional but can transmit the disease to
one of his children through genes (ie, heredity).
In what areas of the world are sickle cell anemia?
In some regions of the world, such as Africa, West India, the Middle East, Asia and
history, these areas have been spreading malaria, and sickle cell anaemia is known to
have resistance against malaria. Over time, People who do not suffer from anemia are
successful because the malaria parasite prefers to live on proper blood. Thus,
malaria has left people with anaemia or having the genetic factor alive and in large
numbers.
What are the symptoms of the disease if the child is infected?
The symptoms of the disease vary from one patient to another and most patients
develop sporadic and sporadic symptoms. Symptoms of the disease appear on the
affected child after the third month of age. The symptoms of the disease are as
follows:
1 – painful swelling in the hands and legs and this occurs after the sixth month of
the child’s age often.
2. The child may have painful seizures with swelling in the knee and elbow joints
and the patient may develop a fever.
3. The child may develop acute anaemia and become pale and tired for the least
effort.
4- The spleen may swell.
5 – increase in the number of urination and urine colour is dark.
6 – the child gets convulsions.
7 – the infection of the yellow (Abu Safar).
Q / How does the child get sickle cell anaemia?
This disease affects the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. These pellets take the
shape of the sickle rather than the spherical shape. Therefore, it is difficult to
pass through the vessels and micro circles. Blood is difficult to reach for some
parts of the body.
What are the factors that cause the disease to occur in the person?
There may be an attack of the disease in the person with sickle cell disease without
a clear cause and there may be factors that help to occur as follows:
1. The oxygen content in the body is lower than the normal rate due to stress, where
the need for reduction is increased to oxygen.
2 – Lack of fluids in the body when increasing sweating and in the case of sunburn
or diarrhoea and vomiting.
3 – When the body is infected with high temperature as a result of some diseases or
infections.
4. Pregnancy: Pregnant women suffering from sickle cell anaemia are susceptible to
seizures because of the many changes that occur in them.
What are the symptoms that affect adults?
C / 1 – the disease may come more severe and the patient suffers acute pain in the
abdomen and joints.
2. Their growth is slower than normal growth.
1 – may weaken their bones and become easy to break.
2 – the incidence of gallstones in the gall bladder.
3 – the incidence of liver diseases.
Q / Is there a cure for this disease?
C – The pain of the disease can be alleviated by the patient’s cooperation with his
doctor and understanding the nature of his illness.
What are the special guidelines that a sickle cell patient should follow?
C / 1- Review the health centre regularly if the individual is sick with sickle cell
anaemia and it is best to carry a card with the type of disease to be used when
necessary.
2 – Do not take iron pills or sedatives only under the supervision of a doctor.
1 – intake of many amounts of fluids because they reduce the viscosity of blood and
thus reduce the incidence of pain attacks.
2. Non-stress.
3 – There is no food special disease, but must be plenty of fresh fruits and
vegetables as well as balanced meals in the composition of food.
One person might wonder.
What will my children inherit?
The answer says …
Your children will inherit one of your genes and one of your spouse’s genes. You
inherited your genes from your father and the other from your mother. Which of these
genes will inherit your son!
… The coincidence plays its role ……
No one can say which gene the child will inherit. Is it the infected gene or the
healthy gene and depends on the quality of the blood dye that you and your wife
carry? What are the possibilities?
… There are three possibilities ….
First Family:
The wife carries the natural haemoglobin (A, A) and the husband carries the genetic
factor of the disease (AS). This means that the wife carries two of the normal genes
A and the husband carries a healthy gene A and the infected gene Q If they have a
child there are four possibilities:
1. The first possibility is that the son inherits two of the healthy genes and is
healthy (A, A).
2. The second possibility is that the healthy gene inherits from the mother and the
infected gene from the father and becomes himself a carrier of the disease (A, Q)
but there is no possibility that he has the disease. He can not get the gene from
the mother because it is healthy. That is, each child in this family has a 50%
chance of being pregnant and 50% likely to be healthy.
Second Family:
Here, the wife is infected with the disease (S, Q) and the husband is pregnant of
the genetic factor of the disease, which carries A, Q, that is, the wife has two
genes infected and the husband has a healthy gene and another infected if they have
a child there are two possibilities:
1. The child takes the infected gene from each of his parents so that he or she may
have the disease, such as the mother.
2) or that he takes the right gene from the father and the infected gene from the
mother (because the mother can not give in this case only the infected gene) and is
a carrier of the disease, ie, that for every child there is a 50% probability of
being a carrier of the disease and 50% To be infected with the disease but can not
be intact 100 percent.
Third Family:
, In this case, both spouses carry the genetic factor of the disease, that is, the
mother and father bear the colour of blood (A, Q), that is that each parent carries
an infected gene and a healthy gene, what will the son inherit?
1. The first possibility is that the son inherits the healthy gene from all his
parents and becomes (A, A) any healthy person.
2 – inherit the gene patient from each of his parents becomes (X, Q) any infected
with the disease …
3 – inherit the gene from the infected parent and the healthy gene from the other
becomes pregnant with the genetic factor of the disease (A, Q) that is 25% to be
healthy and 50% to be a carrier of the genetic factor of the disease and when we say
25%, one in four children This does not mean that if the parents have an infected
child, they will be followed by three healthy children. Although this possibility is
true for each child, it depends on coincidence alone and it is said that the
the accident is not remembered. All children may be healthy or all of them are ill or
two of them are ill and two are healthy.
Fourth Family:
– The father is sick and the mother is sound.
– All children are sick but not shown.
– Symptoms of the disease This marriage is considered the most appropriate marriage
for the patient.
Therefore, we advise everyone to know the quality of his blood as this disease is
spreading in our country as it likes before marriage to know each person’s blood
type and blood of his wife so as not to be surprised to bring children suffering
from disease throughout their lives.
In families where there are sick people, screening is necessary, especially if the
marriage of relatives is decided.
Sickle cell anemia
Instructions to avoid pain
Here are some guidelines to help prevent or reduce the pain of sickle cell anaemia:
1 – more than the intake of fluids and the doctor tells you about the amount of
fluids you must drink daily and it is known that the pain attacks increase when the
body’s fluid content decreases. Milk and natural fruit juice are considered as
beneficial fluids for the body.
2. Eat good food and let your food be well balanced to include the four food groups.
3. Keep your body warm. Wear a towel, a shoe and a jacket when the weather is cold.
Underwear will also wear under the outer clothing to warm the legs and remember that
exposure to the cold can cause pain.
4 – Do not wear tight clothes narrow clothes press the blood vessels and disruption
of blood flow, which helps the blood cells of the patient to acquire the shape of
sickle.
5. Rest and sleep enough at night and you may need a short nap during the day, do
not strain yourself too much, fatigue and stress can cause pain.
6. Clean all wounds. If you bite an animal or if you have been injured or scratched,
you should wash the wound with soap and water while keeping it clean and dry.
Consult a doctor if
Injuries Wounds and sores from biting or scratching can become inflamed if not
treated with care and speed and inflammation causes pain.
7. Take care of your teeth. Dental care is very important. Use a soft brush to
gently brush your teeth after each meal. Ask dental technicians to show you the
right way to use your brush. Check your dentist regularly. Dental decay can cause
inflammation.
8. Importance of vaccination and regular medical care It is known that infections
and diseases may cause pain and some of these diseases can be prevented by
vaccination.
9 – March Exercise in moderation, exercise is important for general health of the
body, but people with sickle cell anaemia should be careful when exercising and must
be moderate and without stress. If you have this disease you may not participate in
sports competitions and you should ask your doctor about the appropriate sports and
the length of time appropriate to practice.
10 – avoid high-altitude or non-pressured aircraft, oxygen in these places low and
low blood oxygenation cause pain attacks in patients.
If you feel any symptoms, see your doctor at the health center as soon as possible.
When a patient has sickle cell anemia ..
He suffers from severe pain in the abdomen .. The joints may become infected
With a severe anemia and a pale color.
So that our children enjoy health .. and happiness and not even deprive them of the
joys of life
Every person who comes to get married should know the type of blood and blood of his
partner.
So as not to be surprised to bring sick children suffering from disease throughout
their lives.
